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稳定币的分类和原理

明明 2023-08-10 8

稳定币是一种旨在维持稳定价值的加密货币,其可以锚定法定货币、商品或其他加密货币。稳定币的目的是解决加密货币市场中的价格波动问题,提供一种稳定、可靠、便捷的支付手段和价值存储工具。

截至2023年5月12日,全球共有24071种加密数字货币,总市值为11170亿美元,稳定币总市值约为1318亿美元,占加密数字货币市场份额的11.84%。

稳定币的分类和原理

根据稳定机制的不同,稳定币可以分为三大类

1. 抵押型稳定币:通过抵押一定价值的资产来发行,抵押资产可以是法币、商品或其他加密货币。抵押型稳定币可以进一步分为法币抵押型和加密货币抵押型。法币抵押型稳定币通过将法币存入指定的银行账户或托管机构,以1:1的比例发行对应数量的稳定币。代表性的法币抵押型稳定币有USDT、GUSD、PAX等。加密货币抵押型稳定币通过将加密货币锁定在智能合约中,以超额抵押的方式发行稳定币。代表性的加密货币抵押型稳定币有DAI、sUSD等。

2. 算法型稳定币:通过算法调节供需来维持价格稳定,不需要任何抵押资产。算法型稳定币可以进一步分为单代币算法型和多代币算法型。单代币算法型稳定币通过调整每个代币的供应量来影响价格,当价格高于目标价时,增发代币;当价格低于目标价时,减少代币。代表性的单代币算法型稳定币有AMPL等。多代币算法型稳定币通过引入不同功能的代币来实现价格平衡,通常有三种角色:稳定代币、权益代币和债券代币。当价格高于目标价时,系统会向权益代币持有者增发稳定代币;当价格低于目标价时,系统会向债券代币持有者回购稳定代币。代表性的多代币算法型稳定币有Basis、ESD、BAC等。

3. 混合型稳定币:综合了抵押型和算法型的特点,既有一部分资产作为抵押,又有一部分算法来调节供需。混合型稳定币可以看作是在加密货币抵押型稳定币的基础上引入了权益代币和债券代币,以增加系统的稳定性和弹性。代表性的混合型稳定币有FRAX等。

在稳定币市场中,排名前五的稳定币占比超过96%,分别为Tether USDT、USD Coin USDC、Binance USD BUSD、DAI和TrueUSD TUSD。

从发展趋势来看,稳定币市场将呈现以下几个特点

1. 竞争态势双足鼎立:在中心化稳定币领域,USDT和USDC将继续保持市场主导地位,它们在加密货币交易所和DeFi领域的使用广泛。而在去中心化稳定币领域,DAI将继续发挥重要作用,由于其去中心化的特性和稳定性,受到DeFi用户的青睐。

2. 更多的法币抵押型稳定币:随着加密货币市场的发展,越来越多的国家和地区开始探索发行自己的法币抵押型稳定币,以提供本地货币的数字化形式。例如,中国的数字人民币和欧洲的欧元稳定币计划。

3. 稳定币与DeFi的融合:稳定币在去中心化金融(DeFi)领域发挥着重要作用,作为流动性提供者、借贷资产和交易媒介。未来,稳定币将与更多的DeFi协议和应用进行深度融合,推动去中心化金融的发展。

4. 监管压力增加:随着稳定币市场的规模不断扩大,监管机构对稳定币的监管关注也在增加。各国监管机构将加强对稳定币的监管力度,以确保其合规性、稳定性和风险管理。

总体而言,稳定币作为加密货币市场的重要组成部分,将继续发挥重要作用,并在未来的发展中不断创新和演进。



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    +6.77%
  • AXL
    AXL
    5.136162
    $0.708700
    +1.35%
  • AVAV
    AVAV
    0.000000
    $0.000000
    +1.39%
  • ALT
    ALT
    0.834816
    $0.115190
    +8.42%
  • PIXEL
    PIXEL
    1.411774
    $0.194800
    +8.39%
  • JUP
    JUP
    8.197421
    $1.131100
    +20.48%
  • JTO
    JTO
    24.930712
    $3.440000
    +19.12%
  • MANTA
    MANTA
    6.305151
    $0.870000
    +15.38%
  • XAI
    XAI
    1.839365
    $0.253800
    +13.78%
  • PORTAL
    PORTAL
    2.250287
    $0.310500
    +8.08%
  • WLD
    WLD
    16.567328
    $2.286000
    +7.98%
  • ARKM
    ARKM
    15.117868
    $2.086000
    +2.77%
  • PENDLE
    PENDLE
    36.874262
    $5.088000
    +3.62%
  • LOKA
    LOKA
    1.447286
    $0.199700
    +5.73%
  • SUI
    SUI
    25.908373
    $3.574900
    +0.21%
  • MAV
    MAV
    1.394381
    $0.192400
    +10.89%
  • APT
    APT
    87.257492
    $12.040000
    +2.63%
  • RDNT
    RDNT
    0.444259
    $0.061300
    +8.49%
  • HFT
    HFT
    1.428443
    $0.197100
    +5.25%
  • GAL
    GAL
    18.422637
    $2.542000
    +8.55%
  • ANC
    ANC
    0.228362
    $0.031510
    -9.60%
  • HIGH
    HIGH
    10.196951
    $1.407000
    +4.93%
  • MC
    MC
    3.522913
    $0.486100
    +3.51%
  • PEPE
    PEPE
    0.000154
    $0.000021
    +9.80%
  • BICO
    BICO
    2.024171
    $0.279300
    +2.35%
  • BB
    BB
    2.238691
    $0.308900
    +8.69%
  • TRB
    TRB
    494.048441
    $68.170000
    +6.77%
  • AEVO
    AEVO
    2.559022
    $0.353100
    +7.42%
  • PONKE
    PONKE
    4.719140
    $0.651158
    +2.13%
  • TON
    TON
    39.932623
    $5.510000
    +0.21%
  • IOTA
    IOTA
    1.314660
    $0.181400
    +0.00%

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