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科普:什么是数字货币、数字金融 和区块链?

明明 2023-05-18 17

从金融视角来说,区块链和数字货币,其实就是新一代的数字金融体系。数字金融体系,就是建立在区块链数字货币的金融基础设施上的。

站在企业的角度,怎么来理解数字经济?

科普:什么是数字货币、数字金融 和区块链?

我们知道工业经济驱动因素是化石燃料,数字经济驱动因素是数据。那么数据怎么去驱动一个商业?我概括为,把数据计算机模型化,用算法来组织这些数据,同时把企业的业务流程进行计算机程序化,数据变成算法模型,再把算法模型串起来,把业务流程变成计算机的程序,或者变成智能合约,这就是数字技术。这个数字经济并不是经济学家角度的数字经济。

如何把这些东西整合在一起,需要依靠一系列的数字化技术。互联网、物联网、云计算、人工智能和区块链等这一系列的数字化技术组成了数字经济,或者是数字商业。

数字化的技术有三个特点,第一是跨时空,因为数据天然具有穿透的本能。比如跨境跨组织,数据流通是没有国境可以阻止的,所以它是跨时空的,同时数据具有穿透性,它纵向是可以穿透市场的,把中间的中介和阶层通通都消融掉,然后让交易变成点对点,买家和卖家不再需要中介。纵向可以穿透市场,横向缩短了产业链。点对点,交易结算就没有中间人做担保了。

数字金融核心就是点对点的支付清算和非担保的交易交收。现在用银行卡去商场买东西,不是点对点的交易,商家要收到这笔钱,它需要时间,银行在担保这笔交易是完全可以结算的。可是如果这些中介消失之后,交易需要怎么做到实时清结算?目前来看,区块链和数字货币是解决这些问题最好的技术方案,暂时还没有发现其他更好的方案。

从商业的角度来讲,区块链技术有它自身的一个特点,就是足够数字化,它是跨境的,是跨时空的,是跨组织的。数据的流动是没有边界的,所以区块链同时是分布式的,它是自组织的和去中心化的。

所以区块链的由来,任何新的颠覆式技术的应用,历来就有两条路线,或者说两种方法。一种方法,是把它视为一种工具,用它来改善传统的商业模式,得到一种边际效益上的提升。另外一种是把它当作一套制度,用来重构商业的底层逻辑。

这两种应用方法,在过去几年就有一个很好的案例。当互联网公司在推广“互联网+”的时候,我们也看到很多传统的商业机构说,不是“互联网+”,而是“+互联网”。那么现在那些喊“+互联网”的人到哪去了?有人认为,互联网只是用来改善的一项技术,传统的东西可以加上一些互联网技术,好比把互联网当电子邮件使用,你弄了一套电子邮件系统,就以为是互联网了。但是有人却把互联网当作制度,从底层重构了商业,最后你会发现你失业了。

第二是去中心化的。为什么要去中心?商业上的区域中心技术带来了商业的去中心化,这个是历史的必然趋势。这个趋势在哪里?我觉得是两点,一个是经济全球化,进入2.0版本。现在通过互联网,已经不是公司在全球化,不是公司把自己变成跨国公司,而是任何一个个人互联网都赋能给它,让它可以在一个中国的小县城,通过互联网把它的产品卖给全世界。经济全球化发展到个人全球化的时候,解决点对点的交易,点对点的服务,成为一个突出的问题。那么区块链技术所带来的实时清算结算,点对点交易交收这些特点,正好可以帮助个人商业活动的全球化。

第三是经济的数字化。当数据集合到一定程度之后,它的流通基本上是跨时空的,商业活动对金融支付的需求,是随时随地随身的,而做不到随时随地随身随需提供场景化、虚拟化的支付清算服务,终究会被技术和市场所淘汰。



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    9.341223
    $1.274000
    -4.93%
  • AGIX
    AGIX
    4.502704
    $0.614100
    -3.28%
  • OSMO
    OSMO
    3.377211
    $0.460600
    -6.44%
  • BONK
    BONK
    0.000199
    $0.000027
    -7.71%
  • ROSE
    ROSE
    0.541116
    $0.073800
    -6.84%
  • AXL
    AXL
    4.391255
    $0.598900
    -7.20%
  • AVAV
    AVAV
    0.000000
    $0.000000
    -1.18%
  • ALT
    ALT
    0.743485
    $0.101400
    -6.85%
  • PIXEL
    PIXEL
    1.015510
    $0.138500
    -7.32%
  • JUP
    JUP
    5.798304
    $0.790800
    +28.44%
  • JTO
    JTO
    21.036082
    $2.869000
    -4.09%
  • MANTA
    MANTA
    5.645794
    $0.770000
    -2.70%
  • XAI
    XAI
    1.500168
    $0.204600
    -7.31%
  • PORTAL
    PORTAL
    2.001691
    $0.273000
    -7.14%
  • WLD
    WLD
    15.485606
    $2.112000
    -5.64%
  • ARKM
    ARKM
    9.619846
    $1.312000
    -4.52%
  • PENDLE
    PENDLE
    29.174824
    $3.979000
    -8.02%
  • LOKA
    LOKA
    1.399717
    $0.190900
    -4.74%
  • SUI
    SUI
    33.286722
    $4.539800
    -0.95%
  • MAV
    MAV
    1.321996
    $0.180300
    -6.00%
  • APT
    APT
    63.056920
    $8.600000
    -6.42%
  • RDNT
    RDNT
    0.390806
    $0.053300
    -4.05%
  • HFT
    HFT
    1.324929
    $0.180700
    -5.39%
  • GAL
    GAL
    18.638452
    $2.542000
    -5.61%
  • ANC
    ANC
    0.231038
    $0.031510
    +3.98%
  • HIGH
    HIGH
    9.773823
    $1.333000
    -2.54%
  • MC
    MC
    3.564182
    $0.486100
    -1.48%
  • PEPE
    PEPE
    0.000124
    $0.000017
    -6.66%
  • BICO
    BICO
    1.976761
    $0.269600
    -4.70%
  • BB
    BB
    2.542074
    $0.346700
    -6.65%
  • TRB
    TRB
    417.935400
    $57.000000
    -1.70%
  • AEVO
    AEVO
    2.354369
    $0.321100
    -5.70%
  • PONKE
    PONKE
    1.922805
    $0.262241
    -8.31%
  • TON
    TON
    37.680176
    $5.139000
    -2.54%
  • IOTA
    IOTA
    2.196727
    $0.299600
    +0.00%

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