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比特币减半叙事上线,生态迎来新时代

明明 2023-05-09 11

不知不觉间,伴随着「非典型熊市」的不断变换,加密世界中始终不曾褪色的「减半」叙事逐步临近——当前区块高度距离比特币剩余减半时间已不足一年,减半时间预计为 2024 年 4 月 28 日,届时区块奖励将从 6.25 BTC 降至 3.125 BTC。

比特币减半叙事上线,生态迎来新时代

历史总压着相似的韵脚,却也不是完全重复。面临着新一轮减半周期走向尾声,2023-2024,会是 2019-2020 的简单复刻么?

01比特币的「减半」叙事

我们可以简单了解下比特币减半的基础知识:比特币的机制设计决定了矿工的角色异常重要,是维系整个系统交易运作的基石,而目前矿工的收入主要来源于两部分——区块奖励和手续费。

其中区块奖励初始是 50 个比特币,规则是每四年减半一次,目前已经减半过三次,现在是 6.25 个,下次减半在 2024 年,这样一直持续减下去,到 2140 年比特币就不再有区块奖励;

而手续费则会一直存在,所以说伴随一轮轮减半之后,区块奖励会逐步减少乃至趋近于无,将来矿工的收入就将变得很单一,只有手续费奖励。

等到区块奖励趋近于0之后,矿工的收入模式会彻底改变:

随着区块奖励逐步递减直至趋于零,那么手续费的重要性就会越来越高,直到最终成为唯一收入来源(这也是矿工执念于大区块的原因之一,因为区块越大,相同时间内所能够打包的交易越多,手续费就越多)。

虽然逻辑上可以像跷跷板一样通过手续费的提高来弥补区块奖励减少的缺损,但手续费过高又不利于比特币推广使用:

- 矿工维护网络提供价值,离不开足够的利益激励;

- 用户使用网络创造价值,受不起高企的手续费用;

比特币整个经济系统的反馈微调,一直都是处在这样不间断的矛盾之中,却又始终能够通过各方充分的博弈达到动态均衡。

但在比特币已经历经三次减半、区块奖励降为 6.25 个、已挖出数量达 1900 万以上的大背景下,其实很多情况、很多事情也到了换一个新视角重新思量的时候了。

02BRC20 背后的「BitcoinFi」新思量

从 2021 年以太坊的「伦敦升级」,再到 2022 年的「The Merge」,以及今年刚刚完成的「上海升级」及下一轮的「坎昆升级」,以太坊生态的重大进展和无边界创新不断涌现的蓬勃生态,几乎都占据了主要的媒体报道版面。

与之形成鲜明对比的是,比特币生态层面的声量却很少被市场广泛讨论,甚至不少行业的用户都已经觉得比特币的开发可能处于停滞状态,这也几乎是比特币网络开发进程逐步被市场忽视的最真实写照。

直到今年以 Ordinals 为代表的玩法掀起了「BitcoinFi」的新浪潮,这一切才开始逐步有了改观。

尤其是作为基于 Ordinals 的全新比特币 NFT 实验,最近 BRC20 叙事更是开始给十数年朝着「支付货币」属性发展(虽然期间有支付和储值的争辩)的比特币带来一些完全不同的变量,甚至开始显露出类似于以太坊那样的生态苗头。

与此同时,关于 BRC20 等「创新」的种种争议其实也在不断地引发激辩,有人觉得为比特币增加可编程性是无用功,N 年之前的彩色币等已经为这条路宣判了死刑。

其实从 2020 年以来,大家似乎已经逐步默认了比特币「数字黄金」的定位,而淡忘了曾经引发业内激辩乃至分叉背后「全球货币」的支付属性,看起来技术应用方面的升级也没那么重要了。

但彼时彼刻,不一定适合此时此刻,其实伴随着比特币一轮轮减半周期后区块奖励的减少,叠加整个比特币网络规模的不断扩大,维护比特币网络安全运行所需要的生态激励客观上是在不断增长的,这本就需要逐步向区块奖励之外拓展。

而以 Ordinals 为代表的「BitcoinFi」的再度翻新,某种程度上也是适逢其时——至少可编程性赋予的新生态可能,可以探索着,在未来区块奖励持续降低后,找寻一条可替代的、新的矿工激励方式。

就在 5 月 3 日,Crypto Fees 数据显示,比特币单日交易费用超337 万美元,创 2021 年 5 月 21 日以来新高,相比于 4 月 23 日的约 37 万美元,更是 10 日内飙增超 9 倍,而 5 月 4 日再接再厉,超 350 万美元。

比特币减半叙事上线,生态迎来新时代

Crypto Fees5 月 4 日数据

矿工可谓是赚得盆满钵满,这也说明在区块奖励之外,活跃的生态创新和应用尝试会极大地促进手续费奖励逐步取代区块奖励的转进步伐。

毕竟以太坊在转 PoS 之后,还有每年的通胀奖励及足够庞大的生态手续费内循环可以依凭;即便是去年已经「挖完」区块奖励且仍采用 PoW 的门罗币,虽然矿工收益正式以手续费为主,但也还保留 0.6 个 XMR 的固定区块奖励。

伴随着新一轮减半周期的临近尾声,比特币也需要为未来的变化提前多做探索,争取余量,这也应该是「BitcoinFi」时隔数年之后再度翻新的应有之意。



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    8.519865
    $1.168001
    -4.58%
  • RNDR
    RNDR
    51.279632
    $7.030000
    -5.23%
  • TIA
    TIA
    37.310856
    $5.115000
    -5.60%
  • ARB
    ARB
    5.543015
    $0.759900
    -6.20%
  • SEI
    SEI
    3.167228
    $0.434200
    -5.65%
  • BEAM
    BEAM
    0.475595
    $0.065200
    +2.45%
  • FLR
    FLR
    0.196614
    $0.026954
    -4.52%
  • STRK
    STRK
    3.537784
    $0.485000
    -4.16%
  • ORDI
    ORDI
    198.334736
    $27.190000
    -2.81%
  • AKT
    AKT
    23.030007
    $3.157217
    -5.98%
  • PYTH
    PYTH
    2.680692
    $0.367500
    -6.57%
  • BLUR
    BLUR
    1.885602
    $0.258500
    -7.87%
  • 1000SATS
    1000SATS
    0.001302
    $0.000179
    +4.17%
  • DYDX
    DYDX
    10.659307
    $1.461300
    -7.47%
  • CFX
    CFX
    1.154704
    $0.158300
    -6.79%
  • WOO
    WOO
    1.500458
    $0.205700
    -6.49%
  • DYM
    DYM
    10.649824
    $1.460000
    -7.26%
  • ASTR
    ASTR
    0.441311
    $0.060500
    -4.73%
  • RON
    RON
    13.686370
    $1.876285
    -6.19%
  • FET
    FET
    9.446248
    $1.295000
    -5.61%
  • AGIX
    AGIX
    4.479491
    $0.614100
    -7.16%
  • OSMO
    OSMO
    3.237255
    $0.443800
    -7.05%
  • BONK
    BONK
    0.000233
    $0.000032
    -5.53%
  • ROSE
    ROSE
    0.595150
    $0.081590
    -6.57%
  • AXL
    AXL
    5.518214
    $0.756500
    -3.65%
  • AVAV
    AVAV
    0.000000
    $0.000000
    +0.00%
  • ALT
    ALT
    0.860156
    $0.117920
    -8.52%
  • PIXEL
    PIXEL
    1.167104
    $0.160000
    -9.14%
  • JUP
    JUP
    6.126567
    $0.839900
    -12.93%
  • JTO
    JTO
    21.985322
    $3.014000
    -3.89%
  • MANTA
    MANTA
    6.309656
    $0.865000
    -7.68%
  • XAI
    XAI
    1.702513
    $0.233400
    -8.93%
  • PORTAL
    PORTAL
    2.248134
    $0.308200
    -9.77%
  • WLD
    WLD
    16.565582
    $2.271000
    -4.92%
  • ARKM
    ARKM
    10.693590
    $1.466000
    -6.75%
  • PENDLE
    PENDLE
    36.997197
    $5.072000
    -6.02%
  • LOKA
    LOKA
    1.542766
    $0.211500
    -10.18%
  • SUI
    SUI
    32.729973
    $4.487000
    -5.61%
  • MAV
    MAV
    1.417302
    $0.194300
    -9.43%
  • APT
    APT
    69.442688
    $9.520000
    -10.96%
  • RDNT
    RDNT
    0.415051
    $0.056900
    -7.93%
  • HFT
    HFT
    1.477116
    $0.202500
    -8.72%
  • GAL
    GAL
    18.542365
    $2.542000
    +3.92%
  • ANC
    ANC
    0.229847
    $0.031510
    -11.67%
  • HIGH
    HIGH
    10.598763
    $1.453000
    -7.65%
  • MC
    MC
    3.545808
    $0.486100
    -7.03%
  • PEPE
    PEPE
    0.000131
    $0.000018
    -6.32%
  • BICO
    BICO
    2.037326
    $0.279300
    -7.52%
  • BB
    BB
    2.647138
    $0.362900
    -8.60%
  • TRB
    TRB
    442.040640
    $60.600000
    -4.37%
  • AEVO
    AEVO
    2.626713
    $0.360100
    -9.40%
  • PONKE
    PONKE
    2.626150
    $0.360023
    -2.83%
  • TON
    TON
    39.367877
    $5.397000
    -2.60%
  • IOTA
    IOTA
    2.137989
    $0.293100
    +0.00%

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