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科普:深度剖析比特币Ordinals

明明 2023-05-09 10

比特币Ordinals Theory由开发人员Casey Rodarmor 2022年开发,直到2023年2月提交BIP后开始在比特币社区流行。

Ordinals主要利用了2个想法,1、给每个satoshi排序,分配一个介于0和 2,100,000,000,000,000之间的序数“ordinals”,。2、segwit和Taproot。2021年的segwit更新可以在比特币交易本身中包含元数据(被称为铭文Inscriptions),并使用taproot的script-path spend scripts 。铭文内容可以利用4MB的区块空间。

序数ordinals让satoshis拥有数字序列,从而拥有了非同质化属性。Inscriptions让诸如图片、文字、视频甚至游戏数据包含在比特币交易中,可以和拥有序数的satoshis链接起来。

Ordinals Theory:Ordinals + Inscriptions = Digital Artefacts。

实际上如何工作?

科普:深度剖析比特币Ordinals

在“铸造”Digital Artefacts时,需要创建一个比特币交易,在其中一个输出地址中存储一些额外的数据(铭文)。这些额外数据可以是文本、图像、SCG 或 HTML,数据大小仅受区块大小的限制。

在序数理论之前,添加到比特币交易中的任何额外数据通常都是使用OP_RETURN完成,这是一种不可花费的输出,可以在其中包含最多80字节的元数据。而且OP_RETURN可修剪,这意味着可以从全节点删除数据。

Ordinal方法不使用OP_RETURN,而是利用2021年segwit更新在交易本身中包含元数据,segwit允许在协议级别的1MB区块限制“外部”存储多达 3MB 的见证数据,并使用taproot的script-path spend scripts 。这为铭文内容提供了4MB的区块空间。

一句话理解:铭文数据存储在比特币原始交易数据中。

digital artefacts使用两阶段过程从Taproot 的输出(“bc1p ...”地址)铸造。最初,taproot输出必须提交给包含铭文内容的脚本。此内容在所谓的“envelope”中序列化,envelope包夹在“OP_FALSE OP_IF ... OP_ENDIF”操作码之间。

此外,Taproot和MAST升级的一个关键部分是这个脚本在它被花费之前不会在链上显示,因此你需要创建另一个交易来显示信息。在这个显示交易中,提交交易创建的输出被花费,从而显示链上的铭文内容。



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    MC
    3.545808
    $0.486100
    -4.43%
  • PEPE
    PEPE
    0.000127
    $0.000017
    -7.74%
  • BICO
    BICO
    2.026384
    $0.277800
    -9.76%
  • BB
    BB
    2.606289
    $0.357300
    -13.06%
  • TRB
    TRB
    435.475680
    $59.700000
    -7.01%
  • AEVO
    AEVO
    2.608477
    $0.357600
    -11.04%
  • PONKE
    PONKE
    2.460877
    $0.337365
    -9.13%
  • TON
    TON
    38.820797
    $5.322000
    -5.79%
  • IOTA
    IOTA
    2.094952
    $0.287200
    +0.00%

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