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科普:全面解读DeFi借贷份额

明明 2023-05-09 13

借贷池

在传统金融(或 TradFi)中,借贷由第三方金融机构进行调整。这些金融机构被委托执行两项关键任务:强制借方向贷方支付利息,并评估并防止被认为是不可信的当事方参与这些活动。

相比之下,在去中心化金融(或 DeFi)中,第三方借款人和贷款人是不值得信任的。这种信任的缺失激发了一个创新的设计,用于在链上促进借贷过程。

借贷池是一个智能合约。DeFi 协议用户可以存入资产(通常是 ERC 20 Token),目的是使用该合约来借出他们存入的资产。其他用户可以与借贷池进行交互,享受即时贷款,即抵押在池中的资产进行借款。

科普:全面解读DeFi借贷份额

与传统金融方法相比,借贷池在借贷方面具有一些重大的优点,例如:

· 在 DeFi 中,贷款不受贷款资金与借款金额 1: 1 可用性的限制。相反,来自协议所有用户的资金都被存入池中,从而创建了足够大的 Token 库存,以立即满足贷款需求。

· DeFi 不需要还款计划。贷款是根据以前存入的抵押品执行的,用户可以随时选择还款。

此时,你可能会想,「如果我不得不提供同等价值(甚至高估)的资产作为抵押品,为什么要在借贷协议上借入资产?难道我不应该出售抵押品并购买所借资产吗?」

实际上,这种 DeFi 借贷协议似乎只允许完全抵押(或超额抵押)的贷款,为一个有趣的「交易」方法打开了大门:杠杆。

假设你对 WBTC 非常看好,非常确定它的价值会飙升!你可以在你最喜欢的借贷协议上存入一些 WBTC(价值 1000 美元),然后使用它来借入一些稳定币(例如 USDC),然后用这些稳定币在某个交易所上购买更多的 WBTC(对于我们的场景,假设你的初始存款的一半,即 500 美元)。在这种情况下,你暴露于 WBTC 的价值为 1500 美元,而你的初始存款只有 1000 美元。

但是,如果你把你的 500 美元的 WBTC 抵押品存入协议来借入更多的 USDC 呢?这个过程被称为超额杠杆,你可以一直这样做,直到你超出了你的借款能力,而协议的政策会阻止你这样做。

在类似的情况下,假设你对 WBTC 持悲观态度(毕竟现在是 Crypto 冬天)。你可以采取我们之前场景的相反操作,将 USDC 作为抵押品存入协议来借入 WBTC,然后立即以更多的稳定币换掉它。如果你的预测成为现实,WBTC 的价格下降了,你可以在交易所上以更便宜的价格购买相同数量的 WBTC,偿还贷款并获得多余的 USDC,从而打开(并关闭)WBTC 的空头头寸。

份额 Token

与传统金融一样,将资产存入借贷池的用户会受到长期保留资金的激励,并获得存款利息。利息随时间累计,按用户在协议中的存款的百分比计算,并由其相应的存款用户声明。用户在借贷池中保留资产的时间越长,他们获得的利息就越多。

协议如何记录每个用户在池中的份额?当一个用户向池中存入资产时,他们的「份额」会稀释所有用户的份额,协议会相应地反映这一点。然而,协议不会直接跟踪和更新每个用户的池份额,而是仅处理存款人份额的变化,而无需每次提取或存入时主动更新其他用户的份额。

你可能会认为这个协议让你既能拥有蛋糕,又能吃掉蛋糕。但实际上不是这样的:

协议通过铸造和销毁 ERC 20 Token 来处理利息发放,我们称之为「份额 Token」,它代表了贷款池中一个贷方的份额(或存款资产的比例)。这种「份额 Token」设计自动调整其他「股东」的股份稀释,以反映「份额」的铸造和销毁,与他们的基础资产的存款或提取成比例。



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    -0.54%
  • BONK
    BONK
    0.000381
    $0.000053
    +0.80%
  • ROSE
    ROSE
    0.593538
    $0.081960
    +5.13%
  • AXL
    AXL
    5.182232
    $0.715600
    +4.36%
  • AVAV
    AVAV
    0.000000
    $0.000000
    -1.04%
  • ALT
    ALT
    0.832300
    $0.114930
    +8.48%
  • PIXEL
    PIXEL
    1.412151
    $0.195000
    +7.01%
  • JUP
    JUP
    8.078952
    $1.115600
    +45.92%
  • JTO
    JTO
    23.550334
    $3.252000
    +19.57%
  • MANTA
    MANTA
    6.068628
    $0.838000
    +11.30%
  • XAI
    XAI
    1.790173
    $0.247200
    +11.12%
  • PORTAL
    PORTAL
    2.218888
    $0.306400
    +5.85%
  • WLD
    WLD
    16.279566
    $2.248000
    +5.12%
  • ARKM
    ARKM
    15.287440
    $2.111000
    -0.37%
  • PENDLE
    PENDLE
    37.570458
    $5.188000
    +4.76%
  • LOKA
    LOKA
    1.413599
    $0.195200
    +3.22%
  • SUI
    SUI
    26.050927
    $3.597300
    +1.18%
  • MAV
    MAV
    1.388253
    $0.191700
    +9.53%
  • APT
    APT
    86.249838
    $11.910000
    +0.45%
  • RDNT
    RDNT
    0.445371
    $0.061500
    +9.74%
  • HFT
    HFT
    1.446187
    $0.199700
    +8.60%
  • GAL
    GAL
    18.408656
    $2.542000
    +2.62%
  • ANC
    ANC
    0.228189
    $0.031510
    -3.87%
  • HIGH
    HIGH
    10.131278
    $1.399000
    +5.38%
  • MC
    MC
    3.520239
    $0.486100
    +5.02%
  • PEPE
    PEPE
    0.000149
    $0.000021
    +8.31%
  • BICO
    BICO
    2.091432
    $0.288800
    +6.98%
  • BB
    BB
    2.205852
    $0.304600
    +8.41%
  • TRB
    TRB
    492.369982
    $67.990000
    +5.79%
  • AEVO
    AEVO
    2.533182
    $0.349800
    +5.43%
  • PONKE
    PONKE
    4.781497
    $0.660264
    +1.01%
  • TON
    TON
    39.612646
    $5.470000
    +2.64%
  • IOTA
    IOTA
    1.234003
    $0.170400
    +0.00%

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