新闻详情

科普:DeFi 借贷概念——清算

明明 2023-05-09 19

超额抵押和坏账

你可能还记得我们以前的文章[5],协议用户只能用他们提供给协议的抵押品的一个可变比例来借入资产。这是有道理的,因为协议需要确保,如果你无法偿还债务,它可以从你那里收回其资产(或任何价值相同的其他资产)。这种资产抵押的过程始于传统金融服务,例如,今天,人们可以把他们的房子或兰博基尼作为偿还贷款的担保。

抵押依靠的前提是抵押品的价格保持其价值 -- 尽管房子或兰博基尼的价格不能保证,但它们各自的价值比 ERC20 或 NFT 的价值波动要小。

在大多数 DeFi 贷款协议中,你的抵押贷款资产必须比你的贷款有更高价值--也被称为超额抵押

如果贷款协议想保持财务稳定,只允许超额抵押贷款,这符合贷款协议的利益。想象一下,你提供一些资产作为抵押品,而这个资产的价值突然下降到低于你从协议中贷款的资产价值。你就会缺乏偿还贷款的动力。毕竟,你在偿还贷款过程中抢救出来的抵押品现在的价值将低于你实际偿还贷款的金额。这笔贷款现在就得不到偿还。

每出现得不到偿还的贷款对其协议都是不利的。穿仓贷款产生的债务在协议中造成了不安全,毕竟,债务的数额是贷款人无法从协议中收回的资产数额。为了强调这种债务有多糟糕:如果协议上出现相当于传统金融服务的 "银行挤兑",最后从协议中提取资产的用户将没法提取资产。

很自然,有大量坏账的协议对用户的吸引力就会降低。

清算和清算阈值

我们已经确定,当抵押品的价值低于借款人连本带利的债务价值时,被称为抵押不足,借款人的债务对借贷协议的健康构成威胁。为了防止抵押不足的头寸的积累,协议允许不一定是协议用户的第三方(称为清算人)来偿还抵押不足(或接近抵押不足)的借款人的债务。通过偿还抵押不足的债务,清算人有权要求索取债务人的抵押品,同时获得折扣。这个过程被称为清算

你可能想知道:为什么协议要依靠第三方来清算不健康的头寸?毕竟,协议可以将自动清算机制植入其代码中。

发送清算交易需要耗费大量的 Gas。如果协议自动发送这些昂贵的交易,由此产生的 Gas 成本将增加他们的运营成本,从而削弱协议利润。

此外,一个自动清算系统的设计将是非常困难的。一个协议不仅要考虑一个头寸是否应该自动清算,还要考虑何时清算,并以反映市场波动的速度进行清算。通过激励专门的第三方来清算这些头寸,将这个过程外包出去要容易得多。

清算本身并不有利可图--为了使这一过程有利可图,债务人的抵押品的价值必须高于其所欠债务。如果不能保证这一过程会给他们带来利润,清算者就不会清算头寸。

但是,一个头寸何时可以清算?这个条件是由协议决定的,由他们分配给每个资产的清算阈值(liquidation threshold)的函数确定。

有了清算阈值,时间就成了关键。正如我们所知,如果一个头寸的债务价值超过其抵押品的价值,清算这些头寸对清算人来说是无利可图的,协议会被坏账缠身。因此,安全的清算阈值为清算人提供了足够的时间,在他们达到无力偿还之前清算超额抵押的头寸。

现在我们了解了每个相关方保持头寸健康的动机,我们将展示协议如何实际执行这些机制的例子:

科普:DeFi 借贷概念——清算



免责声明:所提供的信息不是交易建议,www.hao76.com对根据本页提供的信息进行的任何投资不承担任何责任。本文内容仅供参考,风险自担!

  • 币种
  • 全球指数(¥)
  • 24H涨幅12
  • BTC
    BTC
    713698.291098
    $98552.610000
    +4.58%
  • ETH
    ETH
    24337.806932
    $3360.740000
    +9.16%
  • USDT
    USDT
    7.249492
    $1.001062
    +0.03%
  • USDC
    USDC
    7.234558
    $0.999000
    +0.02%
  • BNB
    BNB
    4510.844802
    $622.890000
    +2.69%
  • BUSD
    BUSD
    7.243973
    $1.000300
    +0.00%
  • XRP
    XRP
    8.588051
    $1.185900
    +8.36%
  • ADA
    ADA
    5.762300
    $0.795700
    -0.45%
  • SOL
    SOL
    1858.752806
    $256.670000
    +9.35%
  • DOGE
    DOGE
    2.820464
    $0.389470
    +3.40%
  • DOT
    DOT
    42.545575
    $5.875000
    +3.74%
  • DAI
    DAI
    7.378670
    $1.018900
    +0.11%
  • TRX
    TRX
    1.440394
    $0.198900
    +2.04%
  • SHIB
    SHIB
    0.000179
    $0.000025
    +3.43%
  • AVAX
    AVAX
    261.211726
    $36.070000
    +7.48%
  • WBTC
    WBTC
    711564.639564
    $98257.980000
    +4.50%
  • LEO
    LEO
    64.168845
    $8.860897
    +6.07%
  • MATIC
    MATIC
    2.747539
    $0.379400
    +2.67%
  • UNI
    UNI
    66.175568
    $9.138000
    +4.67%
  • FTT
    FTT
    17.221000
    $2.378000
    +8.61%
  • LTC
    LTC
    643.651184
    $88.880000
    +5.86%
  • CRO
    CRO
    1.352118
    $0.186710
    +5.87%
  • LINK
    LINK
    108.337328
    $14.960000
    +4.36%
  • XLM
    XLM
    1.764827
    $0.243700
    +0.27%
  • NEAR
    NEAR
    41.444821
    $5.723000
    +4.63%
  • ATOM
    ATOM
    45.891287
    $6.337000
    +2.09%
  • XMR
    XMR
    859.601660
    $118.700000
    -0.77%
  • ALGO
    ALGO
    1.553366
    $0.214500
    +1.70%
  • ETC
    ETC
    197.556304
    $27.280000
    +7.96%
  • BCH
    BCH
    3523.859880
    $486.600000
    +11.50%
  • VET
    VET
    0.232172
    $0.032060
    +1.78%
  • FLOW
    FLOW
    5.141678
    $0.710000
    +5.56%
  • ICP
    ICP
    66.957683
    $9.246000
    +2.94%
  • MANA
    MANA
    2.971311
    $0.410300
    +5.31%
  • SAND
    SAND
    2.488282
    $0.343600
    +3.56%
  • APE
    APE
    8.364279
    $1.155000
    +5.78%
  • XTZ
    XTZ
    7.589406
    $1.048000
    -1.77%
  • HBAR
    HBAR
    0.888279
    $0.122660
    -0.87%
  • FIL
    FIL
    32.660518
    $4.510000
    +7.02%
  • AXS
    AXS
    42.045891
    $5.806000
    +6.08%
  • THETA
    THETA
    12.332785
    $1.703000
    +4.04%
  • EGLD
    EGLD
    218.050598
    $30.110000
    +4.97%
  • TUSD
    TUSD
    7.241800
    $1.000000
    +0.09%
  • HNT
    HNT
    33.819206
    $4.670000
    +1.67%
  • BSV
    BSV
    493.525088
    $68.149505
    +1.20%
  • EOS
    EOS
    4.770898
    $0.658800
    +5.63%
  • AAVE
    AAVE
    1211.770394
    $167.330000
    +6.61%
  • MKR
    MKR
    11934.486400
    $1648.000000
    +7.22%
  • USDP
    USDP
    7.241800
    $1.000000
    +0.05%
  • QNT
    QNT
    625.691520
    $86.400000
    +0.58%
  • KCS
    KCS
    80.248789
    $11.081332
    +2.35%
  • ZEC
    ZEC
    330.443334
    $45.630000
    +10.71%
  • BTT
    BTT
    0.020110
    $0.002777
    +5.76%
  • MIOTA
    MIOTA
    1.249423
    $0.172529
    +3.34%
  • XEC
    XEC
    0.000321
    $0.000044
    +2.00%
  • OKB
    OKB
    329.126109
    $45.448108
    +4.20%
  • USDN
    USDN
    0.159217
    $0.021986
    -1.27%
  • RUNE
    RUNE
    38.852257
    $5.365000
    +6.12%
  • USDD
    USDD
    7.262935
    $1.002919
    +0.09%
  • HT
    HT
    4.700921
    $0.649137
    +2.49%
  • KLAY
    KLAY
    0.908846
    $0.125500
    +4.80%
  • FTM
    FTM
    5.150368
    $0.711200
    +7.73%
  • GRT
    GRT
    1.601162
    $0.221100
    -1.81%
  • NEO
    NEO
    94.505490
    $13.050000
    +6.07%
  • BAT
    BAT
    1.562056
    $0.215700
    +5.27%
  • CHZ
    CHZ
    0.538066
    $0.074300
    +3.23%
  • GMT
    GMT
    1.213726
    $0.167600
    +8.22%
  • WAVES
    WAVES
    7.792177
    $1.076000
    -1.13%
  • PAXG
    PAXG
    19415.265800
    $2681.000000
    +1.07%
  • CRV
    CRV
    2.930756
    $0.404700
    +7.32%
  • LRC
    LRC
    1.318008
    $0.182000
    +6.28%
  • STX
    STX
    13.940465
    $1.925000
    +6.25%
  • ZIL
    ZIL
    0.149616
    $0.020660
    +4.65%
  • DASH
    DASH
    211.026052
    $29.140000
    +7.28%
  • ENJ
    ENJ
    1.456326
    $0.201100
    +5.83%
  • USTC
    USTC
    0.172934
    $0.023880
    +8.61%
  • CAKE
    CAKE
    14.092543
    $1.946000
    +4.12%
  • KSM
    KSM
    152.005382
    $20.990000
    +5.07%
  • CELO
    CELO
    5.092434
    $0.703200
    +8.36%
  • FEI
    FEI
    7.132744
    $0.984941
    +0.57%
  • KAVA
    KAVA
    3.348608
    $0.462400
    +5.54%
  • MINA
    MINA
    4.820142
    $0.665600
    +5.04%
  • CVX
    CVX
    20.450843
    $2.824000
    +16.14%
  • AMP
    AMP
    0.033486
    $0.004624
    +3.56%
  • AR
    AR
    130.424818
    $18.010000
    +4.08%
  • 1INCH
    1INCH
    2.435417
    $0.336300
    +5.25%
  • GALA
    GALA
    0.209360
    $0.028910
    +4.02%
  • XEM
    XEM
    0.115579
    $0.015960
    +3.21%
  • HOT
    HOT
    0.015440
    $0.002132
    +6.57%
  • NEXO
    NEXO
    9.197086
    $1.270000
    +4.25%
  • COMP
    COMP
    391.564126
    $54.070000
    +2.72%
  • XDC
    XDC
    0.304831
    $0.042093
    +0.92%
  • DCR
    DCR
    100.878274
    $13.930000
    +5.42%
  • QTUM
    QTUM
    23.535850
    $3.250000
    +9.68%
  • GNO
    GNO
    1931.388060
    $266.700000
    +7.46%
  • GT
    GT
    72.129180
    $9.960118
    +3.34%
  • KDA
    KDA
    5.011326
    $0.692000
    +3.37%
  • XYM
    XYM
    0.151367
    $0.020902
    +0.71%
  • BTG
    BTG
    127.817770
    $17.650000
    +2.93%
  • SNX
    SNX
    13.382846
    $1.848000
    +10.56%
  • OMG
    OMG
    2.773609
    $0.383000
    +6.93%
  • LSK
    LSK
    7.516988
    $1.038000
    +4.46%
  • REP
    REP
    34.253714
    $4.730000
    +5.59%
  • ZRX
    ZRX
    3.100939
    $0.428200
    +3.26%
  • ICX
    ICX
    1.217347
    $0.168100
    +6.01%
  • DGB
    DGB
    0.075387
    $0.010410
    -5.28%
  • BTS
    BTS
    0.039106
    $0.005400
    -4.29%
  • STEEM
    STEEM
    1.560608
    $0.215500
    +4.32%
  • KMD
    KMD
    1.989322
    $0.274700
    +3.99%
  • BTM
    BTM
    0.033213
    $0.004586
    -2.45%
  • SC
    SC
    0.043226
    $0.005969
    +1.98%
  • XVG
    XVG
    0.045167
    $0.006237
    +3.57%
  • SNT
    SNT
    0.258243
    $0.035660
    +3.22%
  • PPT
    PPT
    1.183702
    $0.163454
    +31.53%
  • GNT
    GNT
    2.600068
    $0.359036
    +4.21%
  • ARDR
    ARDR
    0.695720
    $0.096070
    +0.95%
  • ARK
    ARK
    4.246592
    $0.586400
    +3.88%
  • MAID
    MAID
    3.594090
    $0.496298
    +4.60%
  • FCT
    FCT
    5.011895
    $0.692079
    +0.00%
  • QASH
    QASH
    0.090672
    $0.012521
    +6.59%
  • HSR
    HSR
    0.133074
    $0.018376
    +3.80%
  • ELF
    ELF
    3.020555
    $0.417100
    +0.51%
  • WTC
    WTC
    0.074591
    $0.010300
    +8.50%
  • PIVX
    PIVX
    1.688788
    $0.233200
    +3.81%
  • XZC
    XZC
    32.197043
    $4.446000
    +4.44%
  • NAS
    NAS
    0.041516
    $0.005733
    +0.52%
  • AION
    AION
    0.068290
    $0.009430
    +9.11%
  • POWR
    POWR
    1.848832
    $0.255300
    +4.39%
  • BNT
    BNT
    4.787554
    $0.661100
    +8.31%
  • DGD
    DGD
    0.000000
    $0.000000
    +0.00%
  • RDD
    RDD
    0.000398
    $0.000055
    +2.34%
  • SYS
    SYS
    0.769079
    $0.106200
    +7.74%
  • ENG
    ENG
    0.091593
    $0.012648
    +4.78%
  • SAN
    SAN
    0.822734
    $0.113609
    +7.90%
  • TFUEL
    TFUEL
    0.490777
    $0.067770
    +2.11%
  • PAY
    PAY
    0.050435
    $0.006964
    +2.34%
  • NXT
    NXT
    0.007729
    $0.001067
    -0.16%
  • GBYTE
    GBYTE
    53.596888
    $7.401045
    +2.41%
  • GAS
    GAS
    35.723799
    $4.933000
    +4.27%
  • CVC
    CVC
    1.001541
    $0.138300
    +2.16%
  • NXS
    NXS
    0.189225
    $0.026129
    +0.66%
  • FUN
    FUN
    0.024948
    $0.003445
    +28.74%
  • CND
    CND
    0.001797
    $0.000248
    +0.00%
  • NEBL
    NEBL
    2.570839
    $0.355000
    -0.22%
  • RDN
    RDN
    0.037062
    $0.005118
    -1.80%
  • QSP
    QSP
    0.044792
    $0.006185
    +19.19%
  • EMC
    EMC
    0.679661
    $0.093853
    +2.88%
  • SALT
    SALT
    0.047065
    $0.006499
    -7.45%
  • POE
    POE
    0.000000
    $0.000000
    +0.00%
  • VEE
    VEE
    0.059889
    $0.008270
    +2.03%
  • XDN
    XDN
    0.000122
    $0.000017
    -6.47%
  • SUB
    SUB
    0.005142
    $0.000710
    -0.19%
  • GAME
    GAME
    0.003117
    $0.000430
    +20.73%
  • WAX
    WAX
    0.302303
    $0.041744
    +3.49%
  • LUNA
    LUNA
    3.132079
    $0.432500
    +8.24%
  • OP
    OP
    15.120878
    $2.088000
    +25.84%
  • INJ
    INJ
    178.220698
    $24.610000
    +4.41%
  • LDO
    LDO
    9.016041
    $1.245000
    +11.75%
  • MNT
    MNT
    5.736315
    $0.792112
    +11.05%
  • RNDR
    RNDR
    50.909854
    $7.030000
    -3.80%
  • TIA
    TIA
    38.649487
    $5.337000
    +7.13%
  • ARB
    ARB
    5.682640
    $0.784700
    +17.43%
  • SEI
    SEI
    3.528929
    $0.487300
    +5.17%
  • BEAM
    BEAM
    0.472165
    $0.065200
    -0.90%
  • FLR
    FLR
    0.148667
    $0.020529
    +4.50%
  • STRK
    STRK
    3.666523
    $0.506300
    +11.48%
  • ORDI
    ORDI
    276.057416
    $38.120000
    +7.68%
  • AKT
    AKT
    27.439972
    $3.789109
    -1.56%
  • PYTH
    PYTH
    3.023452
    $0.417500
    +1.11%
  • BLUR
    BLUR
    1.821313
    $0.251500
    +6.08%
  • 1000SATS
    1000SATS
    0.001741
    $0.000240
    +5.45%
  • DYDX
    DYDX
    9.421582
    $1.301000
    +8.10%
  • CFX
    CFX
    1.124652
    $0.155300
    +10.61%
  • WOO
    WOO
    1.693133
    $0.233800
    +10.82%
  • DYM
    DYM
    12.245884
    $1.691000
    +15.78%
  • ASTR
    ASTR
    0.473614
    $0.065400
    +2.44%
  • RON
    RON
    10.326007
    $1.425890
    +6.57%
  • FET
    FET
    9.197086
    $1.270000
    +1.60%
  • AGIX
    AGIX
    4.447189
    $0.614100
    +1.98%
  • OSMO
    OSMO
    3.937367
    $0.543700
    +1.62%
  • BONK
    BONK
    0.000377
    $0.000052
    +4.17%
  • ROSE
    ROSE
    0.595638
    $0.082250
    +7.71%
  • AXL
    AXL
    5.240891
    $0.723700
    +6.64%
  • AVAV
    AVAV
    0.000000
    $0.000000
    +0.25%
  • ALT
    ALT
    0.835921
    $0.115430
    +10.05%
  • PIXEL
    PIXEL
    1.420841
    $0.196200
    +8.61%
  • JUP
    JUP
    8.175992
    $1.129000
    +38.55%
  • JTO
    JTO
    24.028292
    $3.318000
    +24.40%
  • MANTA
    MANTA
    6.155530
    $0.850000
    +13.66%
  • XAI
    XAI
    1.803932
    $0.249100
    +12.76%
  • PORTAL
    PORTAL
    2.236992
    $0.308900
    +7.90%
  • WLD
    WLD
    16.395435
    $2.264000
    +6.83%
  • ARKM
    ARKM
    15.432276
    $2.131000
    +0.64%
  • PENDLE
    PENDLE
    37.954274
    $5.241000
    +6.20%
  • LOKA
    LOKA
    1.425910
    $0.196900
    +5.08%
  • SUI
    SUI
    26.180555
    $3.615200
    +2.43%
  • MAV
    MAV
    1.386081
    $0.191400
    +10.32%
  • APT
    APT
    87.191272
    $12.040000
    +2.51%
  • RDNT
    RDNT
    0.446819
    $0.061700
    +11.35%
  • HFT
    HFT
    1.446912
    $0.199800
    +10.53%
  • GAL
    GAL
    18.408656
    $2.542000
    +4.10%
  • ANC
    ANC
    0.228189
    $0.031510
    -6.39%
  • HIGH
    HIGH
    10.189213
    $1.407000
    +6.62%
  • MC
    MC
    3.520239
    $0.486100
    +4.07%
  • PEPE
    PEPE
    0.000151
    $0.000021
    +10.51%
  • BICO
    BICO
    2.110261
    $0.291400
    +8.90%
  • BB
    BB
    2.226129
    $0.307400
    +10.29%
  • TRB
    TRB
    497.511660
    $68.700000
    +7.50%
  • AEVO
    AEVO
    2.557080
    $0.353100
    +6.74%
  • PONKE
    PONKE
    4.818334
    $0.665350
    +3.33%
  • TON
    TON
    39.786449
    $5.494000
    +3.61%
  • IOTA
    IOTA
    1.248486
    $0.172400
    +0.00%

Copyright © 2024 Hao76.com All Rights Reserved

玺果公司  版权所有